注意 本文参考的ES 5.0.1的源码
1. 查看集群状态
可以通过API查看集群状态
GET /_cluster/state
大致可以得到如下内容
 
version 集群状态数字版本号
每次更新version + 1
集群重启version不会置0(只会单调增)
state_uuid 是集群状态字符串版本号(UUID)
master_node master节点
nodes 该版本中的所有节点信息
routing_table 和 routing_nodes 都是描述不同index上的shard在node上的分布关系
2. 集群状态的维护
可以阅读
.//core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/cluster/ClusterState.java
  The cluster state can be updated only on the master node. All updates are performed by on a single thread and controlled by the {@link ClusterService}. After every update the
{@link Discovery#publish} method publishes new version of the cluster state to all other nodes in the cluster.  
In the Zen Discovery it is handled in the {@link PublishClusterStateAction#publish} method
- 2.5 另外需要补充的是Elasticsearch使用Gossip + Bully算法进行选主。Bully算法在具体实现中,不是简单选取节点ID小的节点, 首先要先比较ClusterState的版本。版本高的优先当选。(各个版本实现有不同,但都需要考虑候选节点的集群状态版本)
    /**
     * Elects a new master out of the possible nodes, returning it. Returns <tt>null</tt>
     * if no master has been elected.
     */
    public MasterCandidate electMaster(Collection<MasterCandidate> candidates) {
        assert hasEnoughCandidates(candidates);
        List<MasterCandidate> sortedCandidates = new ArrayList<>(candidates);
        sortedCandidates.sort(MasterCandidate::compare);
        return sortedCandidates.get(0);
    }
         /**
         * compares two candidates to indicate which the a better master.
         * A higher cluster state version is better
         *
         * @return -1 if c1 is a batter candidate, 1 if c2.
         */
        public static int compare(MasterCandidate c1, MasterCandidate c2) {
            // we explicitly swap c1 and c2 here. the code expects "better" is lower in a sorted
            // list, so if c2 has a higher cluster state version, it needs to come first.
            int ret = Long.compare(c2.clusterStateVersion, c1.clusterStateVersion);
            if (ret == 0) {
                ret = compareNodes(c1.getNode(), c2.getNode());
            }
            return ret;
        }
    }
 
参考资料
- cluster-state
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